马尾松毛虫越冬饲养初探

将室内自然温度饲养的第2代马尾松毛虫成虫所产的卵孵化后收集幼虫,分别以自然温度和加温饲养越冬。结果表明,通过加温的方法马尾松毛虫在室内可以继代饲养,室内自然温度越冬饲养1代过程中可以加温饲养3代,加温饲养的马尾松毛虫成虫的产卵量和孵化率与越冬代相比没有明显的差异。     

Climatology of Acacia mearnsii. 1. Characteristics of natural sites and exotic plantations

Climatic variation in the natural distribution of Acacia mearnsii in Australia was analysed. Data from sites where the species has been successfully grown in plantations and trials in Africa, Asia and South America were used to determine the species' climatic adaptability. Annual mean temperatures at these plantations and trial sites ranged from 13.9 to 23.9°C, whilst annual mean precipitation ranged from 693 to 2263 mm. The coldest month minimum temperature at these sites was –0.6°C. This information, along with other details of climatic requirements presented in the paper, will assist in selecting sites for future trials at new locations.     

Observations on the rooting patterns of some agroforestry trees in an arid region of north-western India

The present study deals with root architecture of 6-year-old trees of 9 indigenous and 3 exotic species growing in arid climate of north-western India. Observations, made on excavated root systems (3 tree replicates of each species) showed large variation in horizontal and vertical spread of roots. In Morus alba, Melia azedarach and Populus deltoides, the roots were confined to 80 cm, while in Prosopis cineraria, Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptus tereticornis, roots penetrated more deeply to 233 cm. The number of total roots ranged from 103 in Acacia catechu to 1932 in Eucalyptus tereticornis, and 62 to 80% of the roots were less than 2 mm in diameter. The primary roots were more horizontal than the secondary roots. The total root biomass varied from 2.2 kg in Acacia catechu to 30.6 kg^–1 tree in Populus deltoides, and top 30 cm soil contained 42 to 78% of the total biomass. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of the ecological niche of the species, and its usefulness in agroforestry systems.     

Effects Of Thinning In a Water-Limited Holm Oak Forest

ABSTRACT

A natural holm oak forest was selectively thinned to test thinning as a tool to reduce tree mortality, increase productivity, and reverse the recent regression of the dominant species (Quercus ilex) induced by climate change. Thinning increased aboveground productivity and reduced stem mortality in this Mediterranean forest during four years just after thinning, contributing to the maintenance of forest functioning under changing climatic conditions. Q. ilex was the only species positively affected by the thinning: stem growth increased for all stem sizes, and mortality was significantly lower in thinned plots. On the contrary, mortality rates of Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo were not significantly lower. Stem growth increased for P. latifolia only in the smallest stem-size class. Our results highlight the suitability of selective thinning for improving the forest productivity and ensuring the conservation of Mediterranean coppices. Other benefits of selective thinning, such as a decrease in the risk of fire dispersion and an increase in the water supply for human populations, are also discussed.     

自然植被净第一性生产力模型及其应用

本文利用中国１２５组天然成熟森林资料及Ｅｆｉｍｏｖａ在ＩＢＰ期间获得的世界各地的２３组森林,草地及荒漠等自然被资料应用及相应的气候资料对目前流行的气候生产力模型;Ｍｉａｍｉ模型,Ｔｏｒｎｔｈｗａｉｔｅ Ｍｅｍｏｒｉａｌ 模型,Ｃｈｉｕｋｇｏ模型,综合模型及北京模型的适用性进行了研究。结果表明：Ｃｈｉｋｕｇｏ模型,北京模型与综合模型都能较好地反应森林净第一性生产力状况,但对于干旱半干旱地区,模型与综     

川西南雷波县小海子孢粉组合特征与距今1.6万年以来古气候分析

根据该地层剖面不同时期泥炭地层的孢粉类型、数量的变化，将该不同年龄段剖面中出现的孢粉划分为六个孢粉组合带。利用不同时段孢粉类型及数量变化所反映的森林生态环境，重塑了不同时期的古气候特征。可概括为：从距今1．6万年晚更新世晚期，经冰后期晚更新世与早全新世分界，再经中全新世至晚全新世直到目前，经历了冰后期一个短暂转暖期一寒冷一温冷到温暖一温暖微干一温凉一温暖这一变化趋势。雷波小海子地处凉山州东部边缘，临近金沙江河谷，由于受黄茅埂高山阻隔和金沙江河谷干热气候影响，故自1．6万年以来气候变化波动较小，而与布拖县西溪河火烈湖2．2万年以来古气候有不同变化趋势。     

Vegetative propagation of Colutea istria Mill. from leafy stem cuttings

This study investigates the optimal conditions for the vegetative propagation of the multipurpose leguminous shrub Colutea istria from leafy stem cuttings. The conditions examined included 1) the origin of the cutting (apical, medial or basal), 2) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment (0, 50, 200 or 400 mg/l), 3) the relative humidity of the propagation environment (high or low), 4) wounding base of cutting, and 5) the season in which the cutting was taken. The rooting ability of the cuttings was significantly influenced by all these factors. Winter cuttings obtained from the middle and base of the branch showed a greater rooting capacity than those harvested from the apical area, while autumn cuttings harvested from the middle and apical areas of the branch showed a greater rooting capacity than those harvested from the base. Winter cuttings showed the best rooting capacity than autumn cuttings. IBA treatment (200 mg/l), high humidity (98-100%), and wounding increased the rooting capacity of the cuttings. The sprout of new leaves was higher in basal cuttings, while IBA and wounding also significantly enhanced the root number of rooted cuttings. A method for vegetatively propagating C. istria plants is given.     

广东省加勒比松栽培区划的研究

收集了全省31个气象站点的气象资料，选择了其中14个影响加勒比松生长的主导气候因子，采用R型主分量分析及聚类分析的方法，结合38块加勒比松标准地的生长资料，将广东省加勒比松栽培区划分为最适宜、、适宜、次适宜等三类栽培区。     

Seasonal dynamics of mineral N pools and N-mineralization in soils under homegarden trees in South Andaman,India

Agroforestry trees are now well known to play a central role in the build up of nutrients pools and their transformations similar to that of forest ecosystem, however, information on the potential of homegarden trees accumulating and releasing nitrogen (mineralization) is lacking. The present study reports seasonal variations in pool sizes of mineral N (NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N), and net N-mineralization rate in relation to rainfall and temperature under coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt. Nees) trees in a coconut-spice trees plantation for two annual cycles in the equatorial humid climate of South Andaman Island of India. Concentration of NH₄⁺-N was the highest during wet season (May–October) and the lowest during post-wet season (November–January) under all the tree species. On the contrary, concentration of NO₃⁻-N was the lowest in the wet season and the highest during the post-wet season. However, concentrations of the mineral N were the highest under the nutmeg and the lowest under the coconut trees. Like the pool sizes, mean annual mineralization was the highest under the nutmeg (561 mg kg⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and the lowest under the coconut trees (393 mg kg⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Rate of mineralization was the highest during the post-wet season and the lowest during the dry season (February–April) under all the tree species. High rainfall during the wet season, however, reduced the rate of nitrification under all the tree species. The mean annual mineralization was logarithmically related with rainfall amount and mean monthly temperature.     

气候和立地条件对板栗生长结果的影响

对影响板栗生长结果的主要因素———气候和立地条件进行分析和阐述。明确了依气候差异及板栗生物学特性划分为六个产区,并在同样的气候条件下,立地条件对板栗产量和品质起更重要的作用。板栗适宜种植在花岗岩、片麻岩发育的棕壤和淋溶褐土上;土壤pH值、土壤有机质和营养元素含量及质地等理化性质与条件是影响板栗产量的因素,而铁、锰、硼等微量元素的含量则是影响板栗品质的重要因素。